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A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
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The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
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Eight series of color photographs have been published as three separate photo guides for appraising downed woody fuels in Montana forests. This note tells how these photo guides were constructed. The techniques used to determine the weight and…
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This article addresses how organizations deal with adversity and how organizations adapt within adverse conditions. The authors comment that most research emphasizes “organizational and not individual or group responses to adversity,” and those…
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Fire, geomorphic processes, and landforms interact to determine natural patterns of ecosystems over landscapes. Fire alters vegetation and soil properties which change soil and sediment movement through watersheds. Landforms affect fire behavior and…
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Four series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in four forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire behavior ratings.
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The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of literature on the vegetation of the sage brush region of North America. Despite its prime importance as a grazing resource, and the problems produced by its use and misuse, research…
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Logging slash on 73 clearcuts was broadcast burned over a wide range of conditions, achieving a broad array of fire intensities and effects. An intense wildfire was also evaluated. Fire effectiveness was measured and related to preburn conditions…
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Four series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in four forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire behavior ratings.
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The effects of a prescribed broadcast fire on soil nitrogen (N) levels and related soil properties were determined following the clearcutting of a 250-year-old Douglas-fir/western larch stand in northwestern Montana. Soil N losses from burning…
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Weights and volumes of downed woody material in diameter classes of one-fourth to 1, 1 to 3, and greater than 3 inches and forest floor duff depths were summarized from extensive inventories in nothern Idaho and Montana. Biomass loadings are shown…
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Most presettlement Canadian and Alaskan boreal forests and Rocky Mountain subalpine forests had lightning fire regimes of large-scale crown fires and high-intensity surface fires, causing total stand replacement on fire rotations (or cycles) to 50…
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Two series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in two forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire· behavior ratings.
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ANNOTATION: In the northern Rocky Mountains, 350-450 million cubic feet (9.9 to 12.7 million cubic meters) of logging residue is generated each year. Up to 60 percent of the residue material is technologically suitable for wood products, but…
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ANNOTATION: Forest residues utilization research has included case studies of the efficiency of existing harvesting systems in achieving close fiber utilization. Field evaluations included the use of in-woods chipping systems in gentle terrain;…
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Prescribed burning of logging slash was done in clearcut, overstory removal, and understory cutting units in a Douglas-fir stand on the Lubrecht Experimental Forest near Missoula, Mont. The burning prescriptions and actual burning conditions are…
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Mean frequencies were about 120 years for valleys and montane slopes and 150 years for subalpine slopes in this western larch/Douglas-fir forest from 1735 to 1976. Fires were small and moderately intense with occasional high intensity runs. Single…
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A severe natural windstorm followed by a high intensity forest fire caused significant increases in runoff and in losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from two small Precambrian watersheds. Both the windstorm and the fire had significant…
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On September 11 and 12, 1973 a severe forest fire burned over a number of watersheds in the area west of Salmon Arm, B. C. The hydrologic effects of this forest fire were assessed using streamflow data for one stream draining a small watershed with…
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This note describes tests conducted to evaluate performance of a standard kitchen-type microwave oven for determining moisture content of dead woody fuels. Procedures are suggested for using the microwave oven to obtain fuel moisture information.…
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