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A cost-aggregation approach has been developed for determining the cost of Fire Management Inputs (FMls)-the direct fireline production units (personnel and equipment) used in initial attack and large-fire suppression activities. All components…
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The National Fire Danger Rating System and the Fire Behavior Prediction System were tested on prescribed fires burning uderneath canopies in six fuel types in Yosemite National Park, California. The mea error for rate of spread was +0.03 .foot per…
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Development of natural vegetation and seeded grasses on a severely burned Douglas-fir forest area is described for the first 5 postfire years. Results are described separately for ravine and upland sites. Results of special studies of moss recovery…
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Methods for assessing the impact of fire on forest recreation were studied in a literature search and an experiment. Contingent market valuation appeared the most promising. This direct, economic approach uses personal interviews and sets up a…
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Influences of livestock grazing on community structure, fire intensity, and normal fire frequency in the Douglas-flr/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type were studied at the University of Idaho's…
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A simulation model was developed to estimate postfire changes in the production and value of grazing lands in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain region. Ecological information and management decisions were used to simulate expected changes in…
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During a period of three days in mid-February 1983, bushfires swept over 400,000 ha in southern Australia, killing 74 people, destroying more than 2,000 homes, and burning out 7 towns. This tragic repetition of the fires of January 1939, in which 71…
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Data that represent average worst fire weather for a particular area are used to index daily fire danger; however, they do not account for different locations or diurnal weather changes that significantly affect fire behavior potential. To study the…
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The fire cycle in low-elevation mesic coniferous forests of the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana, has changed from about 60 years before European settlement to about 7500 years between 1910 and 1980. The decreased fire frequency may be responsible for…
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Vegetation was sampled on 330 sites known to be used by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). The response to disturbance of 6 shrub species important as grizzly bear foods was determined by comparing their percent canopy cover on disturbed sites with that…
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The history and influence of tires was studied at the forest- grassland ecotone in high valleys ofsouthwestern Montana. Inves- tigations were focused upon several sites having early landscape photographs and modern retakes that allow for detection…
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The study quantified differences between fire-retarding abilities of monoammonium phosphate samples from five different sources. Ponderosa pine needles and aspen excelsior fuel beds were spray-treated with different levels of chemical solutions,…
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Provides information on fire as an ecological factor for forest habitat types occurring east of the Continental Divide in Montana. Identifies "Fire Groups" of habitat types based on fire's role in forest succession. Describes forest…
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Interprets changes in forest and range vegetation resulting from the absence of fire. Eighty-six matched photographs covering the period 1871-1982 provide the basis for describing how vegetation has changed in various plant communities. These scenes…
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Globe huckleberry (Vaccinium globulare) fruit is a major food source for the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in northwestern Montana. A ranked-set sampling pattern was used to determine the effects of wildfires, timber harvest practices, and…
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The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
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A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is known to have its seeds harvested and cached in the soil by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and unretrieved seeds are known to be capable of germinating and establishing new pines. Many other…
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Perceptions of risk and danger are largely based on what society and organizations choose to value and what they choose to fear. Often, these values are shaped by larger organizational and political interests that bias perceptions of risk, danger,…
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Abstract
(1) Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) store a mean of only 3.7 whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds per cache, which reduces competition for moisture and space. The mean depth at which seeds are stored, 2.0 cm, is compatible…
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