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Recreationists or city dwellers are usually most often thought of as being responsible for starting forest fires. But a limited study showed that fire starters were more apt to be people who lived near and worked on the National Forests. They were…
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This work was undertaken because of a mutual interest of the Department of Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), and the USDA Forest Service in the problems of detecting hot targets against natural terrain backgrounds using airborne…
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About 70 percent of the volume and surface area of spruce-fir logging slash lies below the mid-depth of the slash. Material 0 to 1 centimeter in diameter was distributed vertically in the same proportions as all other material. Old slash in the…
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Physical fuel properties were determined utilizing measurements of volume, surface area, and weight for ponderosa pine forest floors and cheatgrass. Average values of these properties for ponderosa pine needle litter and cheatgrass were respectively…
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Porosity (expressed as the ratio of air space surrounding plant material to surface area of plant material) was determined for a low forage producing community of cheatgrass. Porosity averaged 12.5 cm.^/cm.2- and correlated closely with weight per…
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This Note presents observations on a little-known mode of tree-bole ignition by lightning in which a fire-setting discharge partially superimposes its furrow upon an older lightning soar and causes ignition in the older injury.
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Studies in 12- to 15- year- old western larch stands at Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana show that condition of the seedbed at the time of seedling establishment strongly influences seedling development. Larch regenerates abundantly…
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The Sundance Fire on September 1, 1967, made a spectacular run of 16 miles in 9 hours and destroyed more than 50,000 acres. This run became the subject of a detailed research analysis of the environmental, topographic, and vegetation variables aimed…
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Information about a fire's perimeter is a prerequisite for the control of large fires, whether caused by nuclear war, lightning, or man's carelessness. Visual aerial reconnaissance is usually limited by smoke. Location of a fire's…
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Prescribed fire has been used in the forests of the Intermountain West since 1910. It is employed for site preparation for planting or seeding, hazard reduction, livestock range and wildlife habitat improvement, cover type conversion, and insect or…
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The original program objectives were to develop and test a heat-sensitive system capable of: (1) locating small fires, (2) mapping fire perimeters, and (3) measuring rates of fire spread. The usefulness of infrared mappers was to be examined by…
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Temperatures in a large natural fuel test fire were measured with bare, shielded aspirated, and shielded unaspirated chromel-alumel thermocouples. With the bare thermocouples, values of 2650 F. were recorded--much higher than most previously…
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In 1961 the National Science Foundation awarded grants to Washington State University and the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory of the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station to further a joint study of the mechanisms of fire spread in…
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Burning characteristics of backfires, headfires, and no-wind fires in fuel beds of ponderosa pine needles were compared at the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory. Data gathered under controlled laboratory conditions indicate that fires backed into the…
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Two tables prepared for use with the National Fire-Danger Rating System replace 10 tables previously used with the Model-8 Fire-Danger Rating System. They provide for the conversion of Spread Index values at various altitudes, aspects, and times of…
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Changeover from use of the Intermountain Model-8 Burning Index Meter to use of the Spread Index of the National Fire-Danger Rating System required a comparative analysis of both systems. This note describes a program written in SPS to calculate…
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Problems being encountered in implementing fire prevention programs were explored by studying the organization for fire prevention at the Fish Lake, Uinta, and Wasatch National Forests in Utah. The study focused on role congruency in fire prevention…
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The main purpose of this publication is to summarize the most important aspects of fire behavior as we now know them. The author recognizes that there are still many unknowns in the behavior of forest and range fires. These unknowns will be the…
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The investigation of the causes of a fish kill in waters containing ferro‐ and ferricyanide at concentrations far under those generally accepted as non‐lethal have shown these low concentrations to be lethal due to photo‐decomposition and release of…
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On August 21, 1937, the tragic Blackwater Fire caused the death of 15 firefighters, burning approximately 1,700 acres of National Forest System lands on the Shoshone National Forest, near Cody, Wyoming. An electrical storm occurred in the general…
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